Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere (M‐I‐T) Coupling Leading to Equatorial Upward and Westward Drifting Supersonic Plasma Bubble Development and Amplified Subauroral Polarization Streams (SAPS) During the January 21, 2005 Moderate Storm

Abstract By utilizing multipoint observations, we investigate the January 21, 2005 moderate storm's prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) effects in American sector, Rayleigh‐Taylor (R‐T) instability driven polarization (E) African and disturbance dynamo (DDEF) Northern Hemisphere. We study how these E impacted equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) underlying forward fountain, midlatitude trough, subauroral streams (SAPS). In daytime sector during initial phase, PPEF development was produced by solar wind pressure enhancements. dusk undershielding PEFs triggered R‐T mechanisms, which EIA a prereversal enhancement (PRE) like scenario afterwards. These led to of supersonic plasma bubbles drifting upward westward. Supersonic are characteristics superstorms, their detections further verify turbulent superstorm nature. While dynamo‐driven anti‐Sq current system operated, net westward currents became enhanced zonal (E‐ F‐region) drift created deep O + trough that deepened amplified SAPS flows via positive feedback mechanisms. conclude strong magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling present at latitudes where fountain drift‐signatures were seen thermospheric neutral speed data developed, system's operation amplifying